Operating vapor electric apparatus from an alternating-current source.



BEST AVAILABLE COP E. WBINTR-AUB. OPERATING VAPOR ELECTRIC APPARATUS FROM AN ALTBRNATING CURRENT SOURCE. APPLICATION TILED OCT. 18, 1902.

1,1 10,847. Patented Sept. 15, 191 i Fig. l.

I HHIHH llllmn lml Fig 2. Fig.5.

Witnesses Invent-Or:

9K Ezechiel Weintraub.

' 2' Value, owingiiprobablyg tlief fact that the such conditions'consistsof a series of inter i u I broader" features of novelty" and the -more .set up by .the alternating"electrmmotive BEST AVAlgABlE COP r- Ez eHm ,"og m mba iiniiornrc Schenectady, county {of Schenectady; State: ofz New Moi-k ti'have inventelcertain 'new' andi -useful iimproifenients" Operating Vapor ElectricApparatus"from an Alter ing is aspecificationi' i 1.; It :ha's been heretofore found impossiblet operateelectric va or 1am s=from= siiures off alternating: electromotive' force "of ni odei ate lam'p mustiibe started eaiiihtinie the woltageg passes through zero aHdLCOIHI IIGDCG'S' tolrise inttheiopposite direction y'lh'e alterllatin eletromotivel forceg unless of relativelyix cessiveuvalue'g isuch ifiorwkample as 'one" "to f two-sthousimd voltsflis incapable 'of in'iti'at' 3 ingaandlmaintaigingmr electric disehar'g'ein' thetlampi n'l ihaiv' founil h owever thatiffiiyg supplemental ineans ionized 'vapor be' lpr'o duced the lamp, this vapor serves "to itiateaan electric idischarge between the terminals :ofithe lamp to which-a moderate al-r ternating relctro motive force nlay be applied: flhis ionized: vapor b'ei'ng' produced parentlynsrves toirender th e lamp conduct ing fOI'h alternatingrwav es of one polarity but not of the-oppositepolarity, since I in practice; thatithe currentflowing under mittentwaves of one direction correspond ing to E'the rrwaves of one 'directionof the alternating electronotive'-force,: the waves of; opposite direction being suppressed. My invention thereforerenders it possible to foperate'a mercury or othervapor electric lamp'with alternating electro-motive forces either forthe-purpose'of producing light" or. .:for lutilizing the: 'imi directional currents forces throughthe lamp, in which case my invention operates as a rectifier,- or g for both purposessimultane0usly. a: i

The -scoi e:of I'ny i" vention both as to its limited. details thereof, will be made clearer byireference-zto the claims appended hereto;

whileithe invention itself; as to'its 'construc- I tion and modeof operation; will be'" set 'forth- L=-w IN TRAUB, or; soHE EcrADi; NEW rong 'assrenonro "ELECTRIC coMr m AjeoRPoRATIoN or NEW Yon-m I my invention; Fig. 2 T another armyinvention5f and, Fig 3 a'third embodiment? qfi ri '1 aimercury v cated at 1 and illustrates one of the wrious" amtin -a"'horizonta1 are slightlj iiilined p aw i electrode,and a pair of dependingipor tioiis. M at tHeQtherend-ciintaimn'g bodiesi'of mercury or? other 'suitahleina terial for form ging two other terminalsbr electrodes. -;de )'ei1d iflg*'15b rtion a and 4 ar substantially 'ing top surfacesadjacent to each other; sourcefof direct current suelirfor example as' it; storage battery '7, is connected to le'adf ing-in wires making" contact respecg v electricdainp i'sfind i-t 0 ILL 6.5 Z sition as indicated1"?The laiiipi"consi'sjts "of:

4tively withthe'twofb'odies of mercury nen j tioned By a slight agitation oft'hetubef or byother means,*"the1two 'bodies of mj er -f cu ygmay be madet'o flow momentarily contact with each other so that upon 'the" breaking of the contact as the mercury'85 :fiows-b'ack, an arc or 'discharge is produced within the tube which "arcima y be ma in c tained indefinitely. A" source of alternating electro-m'otive force, such for example as? single phase alternating current jgen'erator' so 10, is connected ina circuit,' one te rinin'al oi whichde'ads to the"outer o'r-"positive ele c trode'2of-the lampandthe other terminal of the circuit to one of 'the" two remaining terminals of the lamp' i such for 'eXa-niple as the leading-in wire -9 connected tofthe nega tive" electrode "6. When the electric dis-" f charge or'su'pplemental arc is being. mitt-3i tained' in the tube by thestorage battery 7 or"0ther source of directjcurrent,"I find that the alternating current generator 10 is}:

enabled 1o initiate and irraintain a di s ch arg gie through the m'giin'bodybf'the'tube The current flowing in-thdfirc'zuit of the alter nating current'generator l' findfas before mentioned, to be unidirectional character a the, ,Isame ,that described in connection "wi h lfl r. ll .As te e eas -e as y.

la es 1t t-net;

absorbin g or consunnngidevice 21 as indil a iconsiderable lengthpgl findthat the use of a long carbon filament 24 extending from 1 .the upper electrode, 25 lnto proximity .to

rations heretofore filed by me.- The fila- BEST AVAILABLE COP and tmconsis t of a series oi disjointed ,waves of neid iie t ny i l ct ai es @fiLIDEHlQn tive force of opposite direction renotiperrn et d t s n e:- mare-en mies a es; 9!?- cui'rent. To some 7 p h rent from the generator 10 I may employ y-.isniteblc r u rentieonsumingsor translate ing devices such for example as a storagef battery 11 in the work circuit in series withggp eggtgr g 1; ,.,,.,;q .insiei matted Inst-Bad 0f p y ttlesseest enler anny of lamp shown inFig. 1, I may if desire u e hat $1 ,9W 1in-E. 1i% iervw i hi e ma n 1' tube h i .& P .-i 3 i azpe it am he Weea erat esfierlfiinelst 'p b pla ns 5 e st fierya.1 elai l n e1.- ar on; sk. har e} hens A sea tite Pa te n etahe; l tiibeand the remaining termina lat t-hetpp The two el e QAQelZA tea-a ,thalwhte TP, ri iibleae tsr sliesi stsar senaeat-o e kbt ht a se lei tetmhleh th eer of t a-la e ne a e a Yse ltaeehinaae t r -a 1 rent source ,Qlispll tor egample as the gene-- 1 m, .1 i rator 20, the operation belng substantially,

or, ojher trainslilting device 21,.may tbe utie-i st -ta s e he tec fi xer ll iidireo z on cu'r'r r rt.fli rive df from the alternating our;

-1:I:.;""-- i1 3111" desiredto obtain a rectified' 'dr unidirectionalcurrent for purposes 1 other than produging light ,in the lamp, I may omit the storage battery or energycated in Fig fi. lnjthis case the lamp proper indicated at221nay be madeoi any desired length as indicated conventionally, by the broken away portion 23. When oi;

the lower ,electrpde 26 assists ,in, starting and in maintaining the arc, as set forth in applieetma i aws-yen e om if desired-,-

the uni-,directionah-e 11 ini a ama-m. 4

irectifier, I find that the lamp may be made lQli T;- W Q 1 ,rimpairin its-talus; as. a rectifier tl1 a1 1,- ,whenwitgisg-intended also or principally to give light, in which latter case it 1may -ibe mzide 'of irelatively largsditiniensions to correspond to the amount of "light desired.

30 -=What I claim as new and desirei' to sdcure byi- Letters lfiatengpfthe United States, is,

The combination with a vapor electric lamp, of an altennatingcurrent cimuitibonl; netted;tetermi alstthereoi,randa ourc of d r tl eerrentalsqrqn eet d t terminals f: s1emPse.-as.1to. se up ionized vapon the amp zwherebara,teq ductin path iszrurcurrent 9f one polarity;( only. x2elllPbQjsQWEbillfihiWk-fifi a vap r. electri lamp, a source of alternatingelectro-motive' torceiconnected to'; terminals; of said. lamp andinsufficient of. itseljfto set 11p:;a discharge in the, lamp ribetweem said terminals, and:

nished; top waves 013 "the said alternating;

. means, ,for permitting waves pf cilrrent 0t one, polarity only fronr saida. source' to flow 5 35111523 'c\;rT--*- 3; Ihe coin matiotiaot Z a vapor 1 electric lamp, a source of aEQmating electrormotive fprce connectled-toterminals of the. lamp and incapahle o sifiselt; ei her, i. initiating. or of! ma nt n g azflpm-pt ienel g'y, in said :lamp between said tenminals;:andtseparate mea-ns' fofrpendering thelamp a conductor. xforlcun rent"fromsaidwsoilrceli- ."Sf-"H 41 The combinationiiofzfaivapor electric lamp; asource,- oi alternating. electr'o-motive force .cOHnQCt QARO: terminals a ofsaidz'lamp, and means for-projectingrionized vapor into, the vicinity of said terminals, which vapor serves asa carrier. to:initiate and--to ;.maintain an lelectriddischarge at the expense of energy derivedciitom saidspurceirl rc- 5. An 1 alternating current'i rectifier comprising an exhausted ,1 ienvelop; Z through which the alternating electro-motivef force is insuflicientaof; itself to, initiate a flow of current, and electrical means for rendering said envelop conductive for currentsofone direction onlyti 7 1':

. .6. The combination of a vapor -electric lamp provided with nthreew terminals, a source of direct; current. :connected to two of, the ,terminals and adapted to Zmaintain an electric discharge, in the lamp between said; two. terminals, .21 source of alternating electndmotiveeforce connected in a circuit between the remainingterminal and one of the other terminals, and'a device for utilizing uni-directionalcurrent in said circuit.

7. The combination of a vapor electric apparatus, source of alternating electro-motive vforce of-avalue insufiicient when operatively related .to terminals of the apparatus to start or maintain adischarge therein, and supplemental-means forgenerating ionized vapor inthe .larnp thje resence tof' which iop crates to, permit auni 1 girectional flow 1 of current between said, tefgmin'als rundenrthel influence a nl nneting;eleotron otive; force: e me iodpficausing auinidi-rectional' flgw f current, front an alternatingwurrent source between electrodes, onevzataeleas tvcf hi hsi i irfYiepQl zai le matliiaalguwhich conatsi v=-; .1e crantin o slyhunamtaimnguan are p ng ngrfieme hewap l t ng izende t ywt saiilofimvleoficurrentifrom,

sa d alternatlng currentvsource:;m1: m r? 1:; 81;,[,lhe;. methodmf causing. a: unidirectional flow gqf current, ffnoinfan alternating icurre'nt source between oelectrodes rassbciatdi with saiiis'gmeg ofilalf least electrodes is of vaporizable material, which-consistsfin producing and continuously/maintaining an are from the vaporizablecelectrodcgithrough the agency of t1:lirectf current. d

e pd.,,o .causin uni i utaai iit t 6T" iii1*fent 511 t a, current source between electrodes associated with said source, one at least of which electrodes is of vaporizable material, consisting in continuously generating ionized vapor from said vaporizable electrode through the agency of direct, current.

11. The method of causing an are or current flow between electrodes connected to a source of alternating current, one of which electrodes is of vaporizable material, which consists in continuously maintaining an are springing from the vaporizable electrode thereby enabling the alternating current source to set up a flow of current between said electrodes.

12. The combination of electrodes, one at least of which is of vaporizable material, a source -of alternating electromotive force connected to said electrodes, and means independent of said source for causing current therefrom to flow between said electrodes.

13. The combination of an exhausted envelo alternating current electrodes for said enve op, and means independent of the source of alternating current connected to said electrodes for causing current from the alternating current source to flow through the envelop.

14. The combination of electrodes, a source of alternating current connected to said electrodes, a supplemental electrode cooperating with one of the first mentioned electrodes, and a source of direct current connected to the supplemental electrode and its cooperating electrode.

15. The combination of an exhaust-ed envelop or receptacle, electrodes therefor, one at least of which is of vaporizable material, a source of alternating current connected to said electrodes, and means for continuously maintaining an are at the vaporizable elecareas nating: current sourceto flow ithrough Isaid envelopaf :vv;.s:;: -.m

16. The combination'of-"a"source-of*alter na-ting electro-motive forcef-an 'eXha'uste'd'fre ceptacle, electrodes therefor, one -of said elec 1 trodesrbeingflof vaporizablematerial, con- 2 nections' between said source and said elec f trodes,: and aneansvindepend'ent? ofrcurrenli fiovu from s isaid source i between said 1 elec' trades for; continuously maintainingare i atgsaid yaporizabltelectroder? his}! p -17.rflhelcombina-tiori :with a source of a1; 7 ternating felectro-motive force-,5 electrod'es' in fixed irelation to and separated from" each" other, and a source of direct current for pro: ducingzianz :electric discharge or curreniz flow along: apath including one of said electrodes.

5 nating .2 elective-motive force;-:' a; plurality of} Eelectrodes one at. least ofwhiclnis ofivapor izablep aterial arranged in fixed relation in s en retevfrom eeheet er, co n ction g ,etween said electrodes and said source of alternating electro-motive force, and means independent of said source for generating ionized vapor from said vaporizable electrode.

19. The combination of a source of alternating electro-motive force, a plurality of electrodes, one at least of which is of vaporizable material, arranged in fixed relation to and separate from each other, connections between said electrodes and said source of alternating electro-motive force, and a source of direct current for producing current flow in a circuit including said vaporizable electrode.

20. The combination of an exhausted envelop, single phase electrodes for said envelop, and supplemental means for continuously generating ionized vapor in said envelop.

21. The combination of an exhausted envelop or receptacle, single phase electrodes therefor, at least one of which is of vaporizable material, and a source of direct current cooperating with a vaporizable electrode for producing ionized vapor in said envelop.

22. The combination of an inclosing chamber, a plurality of positive electrodes, a negative electrode, and an intervening gas or vapor, a source of alternating electric currents connected with one or more of the positive electrodes and with the negative electrode, and a source of continuous currents having its respective poles connected with a positive electrode and the negative electrode.

23. The combination of an inclosing chamber, a plurality of positive electrodes, a negative electrode, and an intervening gas or vapor, a source of alternating electric currents connected with one of the positive electrodes and with the negative electrode, a

trode for causing current from said altersource of continuous currents having its ref 18,- The icombinatiOn ofda-Ysou'rce of alteri- Speetive-terminals connected with a positive electrode and the negative electrode, and'a wile-circuit connected in the circuit of the negative electrodeand the source of alter- =nati gwrvente ,1 24 .Av-rectify-ing :device for alternating currents, consisting of an exhausted reoe-p taele or, envelop main :terminals forconnection toia single -phase alternating current Sou-me, andv a continuously operating source of ionized vapor insaid receptacle been- 10};- i 01:v causing alternating eleetro-motivesfomes impressed upon the rectifying -device toiset. up a. flowofs-uni-directional 'current. r :r'nv '-'-.i: i-- I :The combination of an iex hausted' en velop or. liefceptacle, electrodes therefor one Mideast: of which is of ivapori'zable material, means. for impressing single-phasexiilternat- .0- ing-electro-xhdtixe-f orw on said eleetredes i1 j force, and a current-consuming device'or-de BEST AvAlLp ggg gop.

'source of direct current for producing in said envelopionized vapor thereby permitting current to flow through said envelop under the influence of said-electromotive 25 vices external to theenvelopffor utilizing the energy of; the current from" the -a'l'ter'nating' current .souroe "f" f I 26. n'lhe combination of an exhausted e11; velop, electrodes therefor; a-'sour ce o-ffialter nating electromotivfe force connected acres'sg certain of said electrodes, and a sou ee ef direct current connected tool-1e of said felec trodes,- and to a, separate positive electrode. In witness whereof 'I- have hereunte sethand this Nth-day of ')ctober, -1902. www- 

